Miners licenses
The miner's licence was the colonial government's response to the need to provide infrastructure including policing during the Australian gold rushes from the 1850s.
The first Australian mining laws were enacted in 1851. A proclamation by Charles Fitzroy, Governor of New South Wales, on 22 May 1851 asserted the Crown's right to all gold discovered in New South Wales. Governor Fitzroy invoked the "Case of Mines" of 1567, which confirmed the Crown's prerogative right to all gold and silver found in the Crown's realm. Victoria separated from New South Wales on 1 July 1851, and the Victorian Lieutenant-Governor Charles La Trobeissued a similar proclamation on 16 August 1851. In January 1852, Victoria enacted the Mining Act 1852 (repealed) supplemented by the Mining Act 1853 (repealed). Before that, ownership of minerals and petroleum passed to those who were granted title to land by the colonial governors according to common law concepts, except the right to "Royal Mines" (the precious metals of gold and silver) which remained vested in the Crown by virtue of royal prerogative.
The first Australian mining laws were enacted in 1851. A proclamation by Charles Fitzroy, Governor of New South Wales, on 22 May 1851 asserted the Crown's right to all gold discovered in New South Wales. Governor Fitzroy invoked the "Case of Mines" of 1567, which confirmed the Crown's prerogative right to all gold and silver found in the Crown's realm. Victoria separated from New South Wales on 1 July 1851, and the Victorian Lieutenant-Governor Charles La Trobeissued a similar proclamation on 16 August 1851. In January 1852, Victoria enacted the Mining Act 1852 (repealed) supplemented by the Mining Act 1853 (repealed). Before that, ownership of minerals and petroleum passed to those who were granted title to land by the colonial governors according to common law concepts, except the right to "Royal Mines" (the precious metals of gold and silver) which remained vested in the Crown by virtue of royal prerogative.
Clothing on the fields of the 1850's
Clothing made things slighty more difficult on the gold fields...People did not wash their clothes the normal way, in fact most people peed on their clothes all week to keep it clean however you may think that it sounds hygienic however it will turn dirty white clothes back to there original colour. Miner's in fact did not have time to wash their clothes a proper way so the miners who did usually had their wives do it for them or have it done at the end of a days hard work. The fashion for clothing back then was very old fashion compared to now.
Clothing was extremely annoying to deal with on the gold fields and if you were making a trip there you would want to bring a fairly big number of sets of clothes. |
The chinese's impact on the australian gold rush 1850
Many of the Chinese had business men pay their travel to come out to the Australian gold fields to make enough money to pay back their debt and sadly often made very little money for themselves. Most of the Chinese went back to their home country, China however some made the decision to stay. A very interesting but gruesome fact about the gold fields is that some of the miners were attacked and eaten by some aboriginal tribes in certain areas, and the Chinese in particular were victims of this. This mainly happened in the gold fields on the northern peninsula of Australia however there were a few reports of these incidents on other areas too. A lot of miners also died from heat, exhaustion, snakebite, fevers and illnesses. Medical care was very primitive and sick. There were also lots of fights over territory and gold findings, fights over racism and probably drunken brawls too.
Major changes the gold rush brought to australia
old fields such as Ballarat enjoyed a natural protection from overseas and interstate competition proximity to markets and protection from imported grain by distance and the freight costs were its key to success. Also another major impact that the gold rush had on Australia is the Australian economy as it massively were increased by millions. This was great for Australia as before the economy was very low in price.]
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